http://www.p-co2.org/blog daily 0.75 2016-08-11 http://www.p-co2.org/news daily 0.75 2021-09-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479924418370-3VQKVE0NOE0KX6Z7HGWM/CO2+b.jpg News http://www.p-co2.org/news/2021/9/1/ancient-deepsea-shells-reveal-66-million-years-of-carbon-dioxide-levels monthly 0.5 2021-09-13 http://www.p-co2.org/news/2017/5/19/t-gres monthly 0.5 2017-05-20 http://www.p-co2.org/news/2016/11/23/welcome-to-p-co2org monthly 0.5 2016-11-23 http://www.p-co2.org/404 daily 0.75 2020-04-23 http://www.p-co2.org/key-references daily 0.75 2016-09-28 http://www.p-co2.org/partners daily 0.75 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1587640804183-XT03XSA87EUXD7AUQ6PG/image-asset.jpeg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1630426828145-PSZWPW0CI1DK6NZ415BS/profile+photo_Liu.jpg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479922582869-FKB36KRK163HYFV7AVGX/pancost.jpg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479920870633-BED5BCPTWWIR8LHHF8YS/image-asset.jpeg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479922446259-TB12Z5JH4KPQKDSUYMB3/Mike+2.JPG Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1480541706305-VGVSHF49YN0BX9O5RSTW/image-asset.jpeg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1487251198934-LBG6IV6RUM5HWMVO7H7H/image-asset.jpeg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1587979997633-FV4L0S4ACQF4HY29DRLQ/blank.png Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479922944827-FX8LO53LGI10LE6X0G5G/image-asset.png Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1ed5d81f-bf24-429a-a2cd-686ac60a40dd/csm_PastedGraphic-1_10c792b6c9.png Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479995728622-9ZKO97C2BHQNLUXUNBDP/appy.jpg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1587640978798-OOC6XAW47PNQKN11JI2U/Rachel.jpg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1495206911662-I9JYFTFU9EYU65C0ABYZ/image-asset.jpeg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1487250983094-JMS98RZ7X8KD9YHGF05O/Pearson.gif Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479921304816-AO3MLGNH9KJ91MUEMZNZ/foster_gavin.jpg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479923148441-IP7NSHP5IXNBGU50YE1G/Jimmy.png Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1480541297988-5L9GZBZ47T4VRCEI60V4/image-asset.jpeg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1587640698424-NUIFUDK8Q7S3EB8VSS01/tali.png Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479923572338-JZS5JPG8OUR8FDUFU2AD/Yige2.jpg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1587979544554-YDGIGTD77E8XCESW1RVJ/joost.png Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1480005257544-5VXJ9R0YRKDVJ2PJFBWZ/Gert-Jan+Reichart.jpg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479920628049-5KF7VE8YZKLEW4RL3QD1/Marcus+Badger.jpg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479921070901-OV7FS7KLC5DZOJT391QE/image-asset.jpeg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1587220512585-8OTREMBMMPS5D4OLVBO1/Cait.jpg Investigators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479919419690-IQEDYXAB68K422BLAEUZ/CO2+map.jpg Investigators http://www.p-co2.org/contact daily 0.75 2021-09-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1476117678889-3CXSSCAU7ZZOGK0BN9MN/PictureIRD.jpg Contact http://www.p-co2.org/dinos daily 0.75 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1495271450578-074JJ0OC2GJUK76NVW7X/Dino-data.png Dinoflagellates Figure showing the carbon isotope fractionation in dinoflagellates as a function of CO2 in the growth media. Taken from Hoins et al. (2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1495273164693-EIBCRN3KJFT6D2TC46VX/image-asset.png Dinoflagellates High resolution dino-cyst based palaeoclimate records at Bass River New Jersey across the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. From Sluijs et al. (2007). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1495270965919-9L6BIMHXQYXAHZ0627U3/Dinopic.jpg Dinoflagellates http://www.p-co2.org/under-construction daily 0.75 2016-10-10 http://www.p-co2.org/biomarkers daily 0.75 2020-06-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1592834373406-VS4XU9YE3M5H81EQFODL/phytane.gif Biomarkers An (old) schematic showing chlorophyll-a and its diagenetic products (e.g. pristane/phytane).. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1592838229839-LRVV8QHXNOIJL3P71CHW/image-asset.png Biomarkers A cartoon of a cell showing the key processes that dictate carbon isotope discrimination during photosynthesis: diffusion of carbon dioxide into the cell and carbon dioxide fixation by rubisco. Adapted from Badger et al (2011) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1478888000962-39XCY6ZG9ZKM0KFC1BRE/Cocco+bloom.jpg Biomarkers Coccolithophore bloom imaged by the MERIS sensor on Envisat (17th August 2011). Image credit: MERIS/ESA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1592834051887-WO5HO2K6JWGJ8LPV2JF9/alkenone.png Biomarkers The C37 alkenone with two double bonds http://www.p-co2.org/home daily 1.0 2021-09-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1629725424073-UBCIOUQWUP6RC34GXNC5/rae1.jpeg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1587637371169-MI49886WLW16U41SYPCT/Joides%2BResolution%2B%28from%2Biodp.tamu.jpg Home Credit: Arito Sakaguchi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1630488735187-Y4OHS5SHRRWWJPCAMHJZ/Ocean_core_sediments_on_the_Polarstern.jpg Home http://www.p-co2.org/boron daily 0.75 2016-11-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1473627266761-2ERGWBS26PKVZB6024N3/image-asset.jpeg Boron Isotopes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1475094663932-F0H6DGJLF3P6YQM8H2UE/image-asset.jpeg Boron Isotopes Existing attempts at validation of the boron isotope proxy from Foster and Rae (2016) including data from Hoenisch et al. (2009) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1473625147467-QTKZ7SH4R56C6G66HZIX/Foraminifera+Pearson+1.JPG Boron Isotopes Variation in abundance (a) and isotopic composition (b) of borate ion (B(OH)4-) and boric acid (B(OH)3) in seawater. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1479909003739-ZIXX310PWBWLJ3DVQCFX/Dpco2.jpg Boron Isotopes CO2 disequilibrium (DpCO2) based on the data from Takahashi et al. (2009) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1475870235234-CORZEKHT53C5FIAD7WUM/image-asset.jpeg Boron Isotopes Summary of boron isotope derived CO2 for the last 65 million years. Click here (insert link) for data in the diagram above. The data clearly show that CO2 has, on the whole, decreased over this interval, with a peak of ~1400 ppm during the Early Eocene. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1473626328711-DQOF1OUQJQ5LGJUCLK32/DIC+vs+ALK.jpg Boron Isotopes Seawater pH as a function of alkalinity (ALK) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). http://www.p-co2.org/projects daily 0.75 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1473618230470-UKFMKWPM1UB5758Q3P30/tumblr_mjco89cUVY1rkz363o1_1280.jpg Established Proxies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1478887918319-ITXM3LRKY4XHG2PYRHUQ/cocco.jpg Established Proxies Modern culture of coccolithus pelagicus – eachalga is ~14 µm across (photo credit: Samantha Gibbs). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1473618316335-KQP1RDSBB6Z6M66C1W3E/Foraminifera+Pearson+1.JPG Established Proxies http://www.p-co2.org/data daily 0.75 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1629725838419-USFVJACRF5NOIZD2INK4/rae1.jpeg Cenozoic http://www.p-co2.org/coccoliths daily 0.75 2017-05-20 http://www.p-co2.org/publications daily 0.75 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1587638306390-BT459VSM23QS0ZZBIG84/image-asset.jpeg Publications http://www.p-co2.org/glacialinterglacial daily 0.75 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/a94ae0a0-209c-4b86-9b09-0cb27afa6e3b/Glacial+CO2.png Glacial-Interglacial - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. http://www.p-co2.org/aims daily 0.75 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/71ec95de-377b-490d-b4e3-bb807006c933/Delta%2BpCO2.jpg Our Mission - Make it stand out Delta pCO2 from the Takahashi dataset (here) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/3ec82cbb-e714-4197-96ee-05e45b8e198b/image-asset.gif Our Mission - Make it stand out Map of ODP drill sites (from IODP) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/eb2eae8e-c1ba-4638-83a4-bb29c2129655/image-asset.jpeg Our Mission - Make it stand out The Joides Resolution (IODP) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1641824781606-IPLMQ4PWERIYTOUR4RY3/icecore.jpg Our Mission http://www.p-co2.org/visualisations daily 0.75 2022-01-11 http://www.p-co2.org/emerging-proxies daily 0.75 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/44c7d7bd-63c3-4f2f-a178-83f43987a765/download.jfif Emerging Proxies - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/e845212f-1249-4765-9673-ad576f193494/bg-17-245-2020-avatar-web.jpg Emerging Proxies - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57acdfd1e58c628508b0d88e/1641829101390-RZD9XA7Y047GNEN4S4FI/France.A2004167.1335.148.1km.jpg Emerging Proxies http://www.p-co2.org/take-action daily 0.75 2025-05-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52a74d9ae4b0253945d2aee9/1390597413198-XUEB2J3138YBEXDCIMC0/tumblr_migjb4LxOB1rkz363o2_1280.jpg Take Action